Meteorology Archives -

Wind Speed and Direction Sensors (KDS-131)

The KDS-131 is a smart sensor for the measurement of wind speed and direction. The sensor computes instantaneous and average wind speed and two-dimensional direction in the horizontal plane at the level of installation. The sensor uses non-contact sensing technology for both speed and direction, with the raw data being internally converted into engineering units.

Specifications (KDS-131)	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Wind Speed
Type of Sensor	Non-Contact Infra Red Encoder
Measurement Range		<0.3		65	m/s
Accuracy			±0.35	65	m/s
Resolution			0.01		m/s
Temperature Time Constant				1	s

Vertical Wind Speed Sensor (KDS-133-SP)

The KDS-133-SP by Komoline Aerospace measures vertical wind speed using a propeller rotor coupled with an optical/magnetic encoder. Developed with advanced technology, it ensures stable, accurate performance in Indian environmental conditions. This microprocessor-based sensor computes wind speed using proprietary calibration coefficients, transmitting data reliably via RS485 interface.

Specifications (KDS-133-SP)	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Wind Speed
Type of Sensing Element	Contactless IR/Magnetic Quadrature Encoder
Type of Sensor	Propeller Type Anemometer Sensor
Accuracy			±2%		FS
Resolution		0.001	m/s
Output Units	Digital Output	m/s, kmph, knots, fps, mph, user-defined
Reference Units		SI (m/s)
Range of measurement		-40		+40	ms
Threshold of Measurement			0.1		ms
Temperature Drift	-20 to +65 ˚C		<0.1%		FS
Direction Sensing Mechanism	Quadrature Encoder
Direction Sensing	Upward / Downward
Environmental
Storage Temperature		-40		+85	°C
Operating Temperature		-20		+65	°C
Electrical
Supply Voltage		4		28	V
Power-On Latency				1	s
Power-On Settling Time				1.2	s
Deployment
Location		Outdoor Mast borne
Cable Length				250	m
Outputs
Type		Serial Digital Asynchronous (UART) Voltage Output Option Current Output Option Frequency Output Option
Digital Output Coding		ASCII
Electrical Interface		RS485, Multidrop-Addressable
Measurements		Free Running
Baud Rate		9600
Callibration
Standard		In-House
Special		Contact Factory

Evaporation Quantum/Rate Sensor (KDS-221)

The KDS-221 sensors by Komoline Aerospace measure low-range water levels using either a float pulley/optical shaft encoder or a modern pressure sensor. They feature microprocessor-based designs with robust RS485 interfaces for seamless data transmission, supporting up to 32 sensors on a single RS485–UART port for high-accuracy environmental monitoring.

Specification (KDS-221)	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Funtional
Type of Sensing Element	KDS-221	Absolute Optical Shaft Encoder with
KDS-223	Pressure Sensor with SS Diaphragm
Volatility of Measurement		Totally Non-Volatile
Range of Measurement	Customizable	0-300		0-1000	mm
Accuracy	KDS-221		0.25		%FS
	KDS-223		0.5		%FS
Measurement Resolution	KDS-221	0.1	mm
	KDS-223	0.1	mm
Environmental
Endurance Temperature		-40		+85	°C
Operating Temperature	Water	-5		+65	°C
Electrical
Supply Voltage		4	9 – 12	28	V
Supply Current	Active		10		mA
Power-On Latency	KDS-221			1	s
KDS-223			15	s
Deployment
Location		Outdoor Pan (IS/IMD Compliant Mechanics Option Available; pan is fully customizable)
Cable Length				250	m
Pan Dimention		1200 d	mm
Pan Material		SS316/Cu/G
Outputs
Type		Serial Digital Asynchronous (UART)
Electrical Interface		RS485 Multi-Drop Addressable
Measurements		Free Running
Braud Rate		9600
Start, Stop Bits		1,1
Responses		1,1
Materials	Externally Commanded
Callibration
Standard		In-House
Special		Contact Factory

Marine Wind Sensor – KDS-139-DSA

The KDS-139 is a sophisticated sensor designed by Komoline Aerospace for precise measurement of wind speed and direction in marine environments. Featuring a 3-cup anemometer for wind speed and a wind vane with a 360-degree non-contact hall-effect encoder for direction, it ensures accurate data acquisition. Built with marine-compatible materials and high-sensitivity bearings, it offers durability and high gust tolerance.

Parameter	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Wind Speed
Type of Sensor	3-Cup Rotor with Infrared Chopper Tachometer
Maximum Wind speed				60	.ms^-1
Accuracy			0.1		.ms^-1
Resolution		0.025			.ms^-1
Measurement Threshold			0.3		.ms^-1
Wind Direction
Type of Sensor	Wind Vane with Non-Contact Absolute Encoder
Measurement Range		0		360	^o
Accuracy			1		%
Resolution			0.1		^o
Measurement Threshold			0.3		.ms^-1
Output
Settling Time on Power-On			2		s
Latency on Power-On			1		s
Update Rate			1		Hz
Averaging Aperture	User/Factory Settable	1		600	s
Physical
Mass			<1		.kg
Size		300 Sweep 30f x 300	mm
Materials	Engineering Plastics, SS316L
Deployment
Location		Outdoor Marine
Operating Temperature Range		-40		+85	°C
Operating Humidity		0		100	%RH
Gust Tolerance			100		ms^-1
External Interfaces
The sensor is available in the standard output configurations detailed below

Type number suffix	D00	D01	D02	Not Available	A01	Not Available	A03	A04
Type of Interface	UART	UART	UART	Raw	Volt	mA	Volt	mA
Drive Lavel / Standard	3V Digital	RS485	RS232	0-0.02V	0-1 to 0-3V	4-20mA Loop Pwr	0-1 to 0- 10V	4-20mA Ext Pwr
Protocols	KomBus Modbus	KomBus Modbus	KomBus Modbus	–	Analog	–	Analog	Analog
Recommended Max Cable Length	10m	250m	10m	–	5 to 10m	–	5 to 20m	250m
Working Voltage Range (at sensor end)	4-30V	4 – 30V	4-30V	–	4 – 30V	–	12 – 40V	12-40V
Average Active Current	20mA	22mA	22mA	–	22mA	–	22mA	22+(4-20)x2mA
Calibration
Calibration Facility	KAL Sensor Calibration Facility
Traceability Offered	India Meteorological Department (IMD)
Accessories
Included With Sensor	Mounting Accessories, Readout and Setup Software (for Windows), Mating Connector or 10m Sensor Integral Cable
To Be Separately Ordered	Extra Cable, Readout, Connectivity Adapter for USB, R232, Radio etc
Notes. 1.The – D01 is the reference version. 2. Resolution specified is as applicable to DXX versions with digital output. In the Case of -AXX Analog Outputs this represents the minimum encoding resolution and the resolution available to user may actually depend on the host data acquisition system. 3. All sensors typically undergo a post-production multi-point calibration. 4. Cable length recommendations may be site-condition dependent. 5. Many parameters above may be customizable for bulk/OEM Customers, please contact factory with requirements. 6. Some specifications may not be applicable to analog output options. 10. Current consumptions specifications do not include current sunk by the host system (data logger) except in 4-20mA analog output option.

Net Radiation or Albedo Sensor-KDS-511

The Net Radiation/Albedo Sensor from Komoline Aerospace measures net radiation and albedo, crucial for understanding energy exchanges within ecosystems. It is designed for accuracy, robustness and reliability – providing data essential for environmental monitoring and research.

Parameter	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Parametric
Type of Sensing	Thermopile
Spectral response		KDS061:400-1100 KDS062:300-1100 KDS067: 0.3to 3mm (Other Range Available)	nm
Output Units		W/Sq.m (Net Radiation) Ratio or % (Albedo)
Irradiance Range		-2000		2000	W/Sq.m
Resolution		0.1	W/Sq.m
Accuracy		± 5 %
Time response time constant			1		s
Range of measurement		0		120	m
Electrial
Supply Voltage		4		14	V
Supply Current	Active		10		mA
Power-on Latency				1	s
Power-on Setting time			1	3	s
Cable Lenght			10	1000	m
Output
Type		Serial Digital (UART)
Electrical Interface		RS485
Measurement		Free Running
Baud Rate		9600
Start, Stop Bits		9600
Environmental
Temperature Range		-40		+85	25°C
Humidity		0		100	%RSH
Ingress Protection		IP67

Radar-Based Water Level Sensor (KDS-178)

The KDS-178 by Komoline Aerospace is an advanced radar sensor for precise water level measurement in automatic weather stations. It ensures stable performance in varied environmental conditions, computing accurate data using proprietary calibration coefficients. Featuring a robust RS485 / MODBUS interface, it supports up to 32 sensors on a single network for reliable long-distance data transmission.

Parameter	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Type of Sensing Element	Radar Type (In angle)
Water
Type of Sensor	Microwave Non-contact Sensor
Accuracy			Unlimited		%
Output Units			+/- 5 mm
Process Temperature		-40		200	˚C
Process Pressure		-1		20	bar
Ambient temperature		-40		80	C
Range of measurement		0		120	m
Version	With plastic horn antenna diameter 80mm, Metal Jacketed lens antenna
Materials, wettedparts	316LPP, PEEK
Threaded Connection	G1½ , 1½ NPT
Flange Connection	≥ DN80, ≥3”
Seal Material	EPDM FKM
Seal Material	Plastic Aluminum/Water Proof Enclosure Stainless Steel (Precision casting) Stainless Steel (electro polished)
Protection Rating	IP 66 / IP 68 (0.2 bar) IP 66 / IP 67 IP 66 / IP 68(1 bar)
Output	Profibus PA Foundation Fieldbus 4…20mA/HART- two-wire Modbus 4…20mA/HART- four– wire
Parameter monitored	Date, Time, Water level in interval of 30-60 minute
Memory/ Display	4 GB Internal, 16GB External/ Data Logger LCD for data display and setting

Meteorology

Wind Speed and Direction Sensors (KDS-131)

Vertical Wind Speed Sensor (KDS-133-SP)

Evaporation Quantum/Rate Sensor (KDS-221)

Marine Wind Sensor – KDS-139-DSA

Net Radiation or Albedo Sensor-KDS-511

Radar-Based Water Level Sensor (KDS-178)

Komoline Aerospace Limited

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Meteorology

Wind Speed and Direction Sensors (KDS-131)

Wind Speed and Direction Sensors (KDS-131)

Specifications (KDS-131)ConditionsMinTypeMaxUnitsWind SpeedType of SensorNon-Contact Infra Red EncoderMeasurement Range<0.365m/sAccuracy±0.3565m/sResolution0.01m/sTemperature Time Constant1s

Vertical Wind Speed Sensor (KDS-133-SP)

Vertical Wind Speed Sensor (KDS-133-SP)

Evaporation Quantum/Rate Sensor (KDS-221)

Evaporation Quantum/Rate Sensor (KDS-221)

Marine Wind Sensor – KDS-139-DSA

Marine Wind Sensor – KDS-139-DSA

Net Radiation or Albedo Sensor-KDS-511

Net Radiation or Albedo Sensor-KDS-511

Radar-Based Water Level Sensor (KDS-178)

Radar-Based Water Level Sensor (KDS-178)

Specifications
(KDS-131) Conditions Min Type Max Units
Wind Speed
Type of Sensor Non-Contact Infra Red Encoder
Measurement Range <0.3 65 m/s
Accuracy ±0.35 65 m/s
Resolution 0.01 m/s
Temperature Time Constant 1 s