Telemetry System Archives -

Tipping Bucket Rain Sensor (KDS-073)

KDS-073 Tipping Bucket Rain Sensor by KAL is designed for precise rain measurement using a reliable tipping bucket mechanism enhanced by modern electronics. It features a high precision tipping bucket with a WMO-recommended collector area and knife-edged rim for accurate calibration, ensuring precise rain rate output under varying conditions.

Parameter KDS-073 –	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Rain Measurement
Type of Sensor	Rugged Magnetic Proximity Reed Switch Pickup / Tipping Bucket with hall effect
Measurement Range			Unlimited
Accuracy	±2% for rain rate up to 25 mm/hr
±3% for rain rate between 25 mm/hr to 50 mm/hr
±4% for rain rate between 50 mm/hr to 100 mm/hr
±5% for rain rate above 100 mm/hr
Resolution	Options Available	0.1/0.2/0.25/0.5	mm Rain
Response Time Constant			0.1		Seconds
Collector Area			324		cm2
Collector Diameter			203.1		mm
Humidity		0		100	%
Output
Reed Switch Electrical Characteristics		Potential Free Contact
Reed Switch Closure Pulse Width		10		100
Reed Switch Breaking Voltage				100
Reed Switch Breaking Current				250
Physical
Mass			>2.3		kg
Size		210 Ø(Base), 174(Body), 410(Height	mm
Cable		2 Core Sensor
Construction Materials
Rain Collector	Stainless steel
Collector Area Stabilizer	Stainless steel
Internal Parts	Stainless steel
Material of Outer Body	Stainless steel
Deployment
Location		Outdoor
Operating Temperature Range		-40		+85	°C
Leveling	Level Adjustment Screw and circular spirit level for leveling of Tipping Bucket Mechanism

Output	Switch Closure Time	Max Cable Length
Potential Free Contact	0.1 Sec	10 meter Two Core shielded copper cable
Mounting Accessories	1 ft x 1 ft square Plate (Material: Galvanized iron or Zinc Passivated iron)
2 ft Galvanized iron pole of suitable dimensions and sufficiently strong for TBRG installation
Calibration
Calibration Facility	KAL Sensor Calibration Facility
Traceability Offered	IMD (India) / NPL (India) / NIST (USA)
Accessories
To Be Separately Ordered	Extra Cable, Read out, Connectivity Adapter for USB R232, Radio etc
Notes. 1. The product is available with and without electronics. 2. An internal Voltage/Current output engine is available which can be programmed to output a voltage or current proportional to the normalized value of the rain accumulator with user’s full-scale value. 3. Externally sunk current not included. This current is the load on the bus supply; the unit remains functional without any external power on its internal lithium power source.

Ultrasonic Wind Speed and Direction Sensor (KDS-101)

The KDS-101 Ultrasonic Wind Speed and Direction Sensor by Komoline Aerospace offers precise measurement of wind speed and two-dimensional direction using non-contact ultrasonic transducers. It is developed with self-calibrating electronics and ensures accurate data conversion into engineering units. It is lightweight, robust and easy to maintain for various environmental conditions.

Parameter( KDS-101)	Conditions	Min	Type	Max	Units
Wind Speed
Type of Sensor	Ultrasonic Sensor
Range of Measurement		0		60	ms
Accuracy			±2%		FS
Resolution			0.01		m/s
Output Units	m/s
Temperature Drift	Non-Frosting, -20 to +65°C		<1%		FS
Wind Direction
Totalization Time Resolution	Ultrasonic sensor
Range of Measurement		0		359	degrees
Accuracy			±2%		degrees
Resolution			0.1		degrees
Output Units		degrees
Temperature Drift	Non-Frosting, -20 to +65°C		<1%		FS
Environmental
Storage Temperature		-40		+85	°C
Operating Temperature		-20		+65	°C
Electrical
Supply Voltage		10	12	16	V
Supply Current	Active		210	220	mA
Power-On Latency				1	s
Power-On Settling Time				35	s
Physical
Mass			350		gm
Diameter			160		mm
Height			147		mm
Material		Polycarbonate (PC)
Deployment
Material		Outdoor Mast borne
Cable Length – Normal Version (KDS series)				250	m
Cable Length – Distance Version (KDD series)				1000	m
External Interface
The sensor is available in standard output configuration as detailed below.

Output Option	Interface	Leve	Baud Rate	Protocols	Max Cable Length	Power Supply
RS485	UART	RS485	9600-115.2k	KomBus/Modbus	250m	10-16V (<230mA)
Calibration
Calibration Facility	KEPL Sensor Calibration Facility
Traceability Offered	IMD
Notes. 1.Accuracy typically specified on digital outputs. Analog outputs are encoded to 12-bit resolution. 2. Accuracy specified over full range with multi-point calibration. 3. Output units can be set by user and/or factory, including any arbitrary unit linearly related to the base units shown. Standard factory-set value is m/s. 4. Time specifications do not include averaging filter delay and are valid with the filter set to minimum. 5. Two separate outputs for wind speed and direction are available with a single common wire. 6. Sensor is rated for outdoor mastborne installation in any weather (in proper orientation). 7. Does not include current sunk by the host system out of the sensor’s output lines. 8. For customizing protocols or connectivity options, please contact factory

UHF Satellite Transmitter (KTXUHF-09)

The KTXUHF-09 by Komoline is an advanced, highly reliable packet satellite telemetry transmitter certified for INSAT Meteorological Satellites. Designed for hydro-meteorology automatic weather station applications in remote locations, it functions as a satellite modem, packetizing and transmitting data collected from data loggers or similar devices over the INSAT satellite system.

Transmitter Specifications
Model	KTXUHF09
Operating Temperature	-5ºC to +60ºC
Environment Relative Humidity	0% to 100%
Frequency Band	402.0 MHz to 403.0 MHz
Carrier Stability	In steps of 100 Hz from 402.0 MHz to 403.0 MHz
Modulation	BPSK
Power Output	3 ~ 10 Watts
Power Stability	In steps of 0.1 Watts/ ±1dB
Data Rate	0.3 kbps ~ 9.6 kbps settable
Data Coding/Telemetry Technique	NRZ-L / TDMA or ALOHA
Frequency Stability (Long Term)	Transmit Frequency in accuracy including aging of oscillator should not exceed ± 400 Hzs per year. Oscillator / Synthesizer should have provision to adjust for the long term drift.
For temperature	± 0.1ppm(-40ºC to +55ºC)
Signal Bandwidth	6.0 KHz Maximum
Spurious Level	-60 dB or better
Harmonics	-40 dB or better
Antenna Cable	LMR 400 grade or better
Performance	Data reception availability of 99% or better
Form Factor	The transmitter will be supplied as independent unit compatible with supplied Datalogger
Burst Format	ISRO / IMD / NIOT/ Customized
Burst Duration	Not exceeding 250 ms
Carrier and bit timing recovery	196 bits
Frame Sync	16 bits
Data interface	RS-485 Half Duplex
Power supply cable	As per MIL STD – 454K
Output Connector	N – Type Female
Temperature Drift	-20ºC to +55ºC	±30			Hz
Battery Voltage	+10.5 V to +16V
Operating Power	12V DC
Electrical
Supply Voltage		10.5	10.5 to16V	16	V
Supply Current	Active	2.4	2.5	2.7	A
Stand By current		0.5	0.6	0.9	mA
Mechanical
Dimension		78 mm X 37mm X 118mm
Mass		496 ± 25 gm			grams
Calibration
Standard		In-House
Special		IMD

Telemetry System

Tipping Bucket Rain Sensor (KDS-073)

Ultrasonic Wind Speed and Direction Sensor (KDS-101)

UHF Satellite Transmitter (KTXUHF-09)

Komoline Aerospace Limited

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